Penyortiran Algoritmik dan Reproduksi Stratifikasi Sosial: Telaah Sosiologi Kritis atas Seleksi Pendidikan Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan dan Sistem Algoritmik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59563/djtech.v6i2.370Keywords:
Bias Algoritmik, Kecerdasan Buatan, Reproduksi Sosial, Seleksi Pendidikan, Stratifikasi SosialAbstract
Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence / AI) dan sistem berbasis data telah mendorong transformasi dalam berbagai aspek pendidikan, termasuk proses seleksi masuk perguruan tinggi dan program beasiswa. Meskipun teknologi tersebut menawarkan efisiensi dan konsistensi dalam pengambilan keputusan, dampaknya terhadap keadilan akses pendidikan masih menjadi perdebatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana sistem seleksi berbasis AI dan algoritma berpotensi mereproduksi stratifikasi sosial dalam pendidikan. Penelitian menggunakan metode systematic literature review (SLR) dengan mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA. Sebanyak 47 artikel yang diperoleh dari Google Scholar, Scopus, dan Web of Science dianalisis secara tematik serta dipadukan dengan analisis komparatif implementasi sistem seleksi berbasis AI dan berbasis data di enam negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa algoritma seleksi pendidikan cenderung mereproduksi ketidaksetaraan yang telah tertanam dalam data historis, terutama yang berkaitan dengan perbedaan akses pendidikan, kapital budaya, dan kondisi sosial ekonomi. Bias algoritmik tidak hanya muncul akibat keterbatasan teknis sistem, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh struktur sosial yang menjadi sumber data dan dasar pengambilan keputusan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan akurasi teknologi tidak secara otomatis menghasilkan keadilan dalam akses pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan dan tata kelola AI di sektor pendidikan perlu didukung oleh prinsip transparansi, akuntabilitas, audit algoritmik, serta orientasi pada keadilan sosial guna meminimalkan reproduksi ketimpangan dalam proses seleksi pendidikan.
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